Where Should the Citation Go When Doing a Book Review

In-Text Citations: The Nuts

Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in Oct 2019. The equivalent resources for the older APA six style tin exist found here.

Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some full general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.

Notation: On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of enquiry papers should apply the by tense or present perfect tense for betoken phrases that occur in the literature review and procedure descriptions (for instance, Jones (1998)plant or Jones (1998)has found...). Contexts other than traditionally-structured enquiry writing may let the simple present tense (for case, Jones (1998)finds).

APA Commendation Nuts

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text commendation. This means that the author's last proper name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). Ane consummate reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the finish of the paper.

If you are referring to an idea from another work merelyNOT direct quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the writer and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.

On the other hand, if yous are directly quoting or borrowing from some other work, y'all should include the page number at the stop of the parenthetical citation. Use the abbreviation "p." (for one page) or "pp." (for multiple pages) before listing the page number(s). Use an en nuance for folio ranges. For example, yous might write (Jones, 1998, p. 199) or (Jones, 1998, pp. 199–201). This data is reiterated below.

Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the terminate of the paper.

In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining

• Ever capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones.
• If you refer to the title of a source inside your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source:Permanence and Change. Exceptions utilise to curt words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs:Writing New Media,There Is Zero Left to Lose.

(Note: in your References list, simply the first word of a title will be capitalized:Writing new media.)

• When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word:Natural-Born Cyborgs.
• Capitalize the outset discussion after a nuance or colon: "Defining Moving-picture show Rhetoric: The Instance of Hitchcock'southwardVertigo."
• If the title of the piece of work is italicized in your reference listing, italicize it and use title example capitalization in the text:The Closing of the American Mind;The Wizard of Oz;Friends.
• If the title of the work is not italicized in your reference list, utilize double quotation marks and title example capitalization (even though the reference list uses judgement case): "Multimedia Narration: Amalgam Possible Worlds;" "The One Where Chandler Tin can't Weep."

Short quotations

If you are direct quoting from a work, you lot volition demand to include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by "p." for a single folio and "pp." for a span of multiple pages, with the page numbers separated past an en dash).

Y'all can introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's terminal proper name followed by the appointment of publication in parentheses.

Co-ordinate to Jones (1998), "students often had difficulty using APA style, peculiarly when it was their commencement time" (p. 199).

Jones (1998) found "students ofttimes had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?

If you lot exercise non include the author's name in the text of the sentence, place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the folio number in parentheses after the quotation.

She stated, "Students frequently had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), simply she did not offering an explanation as to why.

Long quotations

Place direct quotations that are twoscore words or longer in a gratuitous-standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Kickoff the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the aforementioned place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the unabridged quotation on the new margin, and indent the kickoff line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout, but do not add together an extra blank line before or after it. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.

Considering block quotation formatting is difficult for us to replicate in the OWL's content management system, we accept simply provided a screenshot of a generic case below.

Formatting example for block quotations in APA 7 fashion.

Quotations from sources without pages

Direct quotations from sources that do not contain pages should not reference a page number. Instead, you may reference another logical identifying element: a paragraph, a affiliate number, a section number, a table number, or something else. Older works (similar religious texts) can as well incorporate special location identifiers like poesy numbers. In brusk: selection a substitute for page numbers that makes sense for your source.

Jones (1998) constitute a variety of causes for student dissatisfaction with prevailing citation practices (paras. 4–5).

A meta-analysis of bachelor literature (Jones, 1998) revealed inconsistency across big-scale studies of student learning (Table three).

Summary or paraphrase

If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers. APA guidelines, nevertheless, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase when information technology volition help the reader find the information in a longer piece of work.

Co-ordinate to Jones (1998), APA style is a hard citation format for first-time learners.

APA style is a difficult commendation format for first-fourth dimension learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

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Source: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html

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